Skip to content
Media

File Signature Inspector

Identify file types by their magic bytes (hex signatures).

filesignaturemagicbytesidentify
Loading tool…

About this file signature inspector

The File Signature Inspector identifies a file's real format by reading its first 16 bytes and matching them against a database of roughly 90 magic-number signatures, so the result is independent of the extension and any browser-reported MIME type. Drop a file onto the upload zone or click Choose a file and the tool slices the leading bytes, renders a hex and ASCII dump, and runs them through a signature table covering images, video, audio, archives, documents, executables, fonts, and other common formats. The Detection result section reports the detected type, category, MIME value, and a confidence label: Exact match when the magic is distinctive, or Partial (generic) when the header is shared, such as the PK bytes that start every ZIP-based file including DOCX, XLSX, and JAR. Notes on the matched signature appear in a dedicated panel, and the tool compares the detected MIME with the browser-reported one, surfacing a green MIME matches banner or a red mismatch warning when the file appears renamed. The hex dump card shows the exact bytes read, while a searchable Signature reference table lists every entry in the database. All scanning happens locally in the browser, so opaque or confidential files never leave your machine.

File signature examples (magic bytes)

Input
A PNG photo named screenshot.png is dropped onto the upload zone.
Output
Detected type "PNG image", category image, MIME image/png, Confidence "Exact match", plus the bytes 89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A in the hex dump.
Note: The distinctive 8-byte header matches the browser type, so the green "MIME matches" banner also appears.
Input
A Windows executable renamed to notes.pdf is uploaded.
Output
Detected type "Windows executable (PE)", MIME application/x-msdownload, Exact match, with a red "MIME mismatch" banner showing the browser-reported application/pdf.
Note: The magic bytes 4D 5A override whatever extension or declared type the file carries.
Input
A ZIP archive renamed to package.jpg is uploaded.
Output
Detected type "ZIP archive", category archive, MIME application/zip, Confidence "Partial (generic)", with the shared 50 4B 03 04 header and a generic-signature warning.
Note: PK headers are shared by DOCX, XLSX, JAR, and EPUB, so confidence stays partial without a secondary match.

How to identify a file type by its signature

  1. 1

    Click "Choose a file" or drag a file onto the dashed drop zone; the button shows a spinner labelled "Reading…" while the header is analysed.

  2. 2

    Review the Detection result cards for Detected type, Category, MIME, and the Confidence label ("Exact match" or "Partial").

  3. 3

    Check the Notes panel and the green "MIME matches" or red "MIME mismatch" banner that compares the magic bytes with the browser type.

  4. 4

    Confirm the raw bytes in the "Hex dump (first 16 bytes)" card, which shows an offset guide, the hexadecimal row, and an ASCII column.

  5. 5

    Search the Signature reference table by name, MIME, hex, or category to inspect the full database of known signatures.

When to inspect file signatures

  • Verifying that a downloaded executable truly is a PE binary before opening it.
  • Identifying a file whose extension was lost or renamed during transfer or upload.
  • Disambiguating ZIP-based formats like DOCX, XLSX, JAR, and EPUB when only the container header is visible.
  • Auditing ingested attachments so disguised executable content is caught before it reaches other users.
  • Confirming container formats against their declared MIME types during archival or forensic checks.
  • Learning to read magic numbers by pairing the hex dump with the signature reference table.

Best practices

  • Treat renamed files with care — an executable carrying a PDF extension is a classic spoofing vector that the mismatch banner exposes.
  • Expect Partial confidence on PK headers as normal, since every ZIP-based document starts with the same 50 4B 03 04 bytes.
  • Never treat the browser-reported file.type as ground truth; it can be empty or derived purely from the filename.
  • Keep the 16-byte probe in mind: formats with markers beyond it, such as tar's ustar header at offset 257, report Unknown file signature.
  • Remember a plain-text file without a magic number will report Unknown, which is expected rather than a failure.
  • Review the hex dump alongside the ASCII column to spot text-like data that binary-only signatures would miss.

File signature inspector tips

  • The ASF header 30 26 B2 75 reveals WMV video even when the file carries a generic extension.
  • JSON, a UTF-8 BOM, and SQLite have dedicated signatures, so text-like data still gets classified.
  • Eyeball common patterns like FF D8 FF E0 for JPEG against the hex dump to build recognition skill.
  • Rename a suspect file and re-run the inspector — detection never changes, which confirms its independence from extensions.

File signature FAQ

The first bytes matched a signature shared by several formats and no secondary marker could be confirmed. The classic example is 50 4B 03 04 at the start of ZIP, DOCX, XLSX, JAR, and APK files, so the exact application format cannot be pinned down from the header alone.

Only the first 16 bytes are sliced from the file before analysis. That window is enough for almost every signature in the database, but formats with headers deeper in the file, such as tar with its ustar marker at offset 257, cannot be confirmed and report an unknown signature.

It means the browser-reported file.type disagrees with the MIME value derived from the magic bytes. That usually happens when a file was renamed — an executable carrying a PDF extension, for example — so treat the result as a strong signal the file should be inspected or quarantined before use.

No. Slicing the first 16 bytes, producing the hex dump, and running the signature lookup all happen locally in your browser through the File API. Nothing is transmitted, which makes the inspector safe for confidential attachments and internal files that must never leave your machine.

Browsers usually derive file.type from the file extension rather than reading content, and many formats map to an empty or generic value. That is exactly why signature inspection exists: the magic bytes reflect the true container, independent of how the file was named or what the extension suggests.

Yes. After a file is loaded, the Hex dump card renders the exact bytes captured, with a hexadecimal row, an offset guide, and an ASCII column where printable characters are shown and everything else becomes a dot, so you can compare them visually with the signatures listed in the reference table.

Explore more media tools

Browse the full collection of media tools on the hub, or jump back to all categories.

Related tools

Did this tool help?

Anonymous — one tap, no sign-up.